Basics of Electronic Writing

E-Mail: Politeness and Format

• Sign your e-mail or use a signature file. Never leave the audience guessing who you are.
• When writing to individuals you do not know well or who are superiors, NEVER forget the salutation with title (Dear Dr. Smith, Dr. Ms. Jones). Leaving these out makes a writer seem rude.
• Never leave a subject line blank. I delete such messages, unread. Always use subject lines that are specific, rather than general; I also delete, unread, most messages with the subject "help!" or "question." When you reply to a message, change the subject line if the subject of the message changes.
• Ask permission before quoting anyone on-line or forwarding e-mail from one person to another.
• By the same token, remember that your words have a secondary audience--anyone to whom the message could be forwarded. Beware saying overly critical things if you think the message might be forwarded to a third party. Such e-mail may come back to haunt you!
• Sadly, you cannot protect yourself if someone alters your mail and then forwards it. It is best to entrust the most sensitive matters to paper--it is harder to forge!
• Use gender-inclusive language in all writing. You can usually avoid "he, she, his, and her" by making nouns and pronouns plural.
• AVOID TYPING IN ALL CAPS. Do you want to shout on-line? *Emphasis with asterisks* provides a better alternative.
• Use punctuation and both lower and capital letters. Writing without these features tends, for academic audiences, to make the writer look hurried, even less intelligent. E-mail is not the same as instant messaging. Some professions will return, with a snide remark, e-mails written without capitalization and punctuation to their authors.
  

E-mail: Mailing-List Concerns

• When replying to a message from a mailing list, double-check the "To:" line. Did you send it back to the original sender, or to the entire list? Sending a private message to a list can be very, very embarrassing.
• Be very careful with the "reply all" feature of some mail programs! You can end up sending a reply to everyone who was sent a carbon-copy of the sender's message to you.
• Never, never, never send or re-send chain letters. You can lose your computing account for this. Chain letters needlessly tie up computer resources (the headers on the letter get very long after a few replies).

Netiquette--Avoiding "Flames"

• The term "flame" comes from the world of Unix computing, and it is as old as e-mail itself. It has come to refer to personal attacks sent to lists, newsgroups, or individuals.
• Do not write anything that you would not want posted on a bulletin board.
• Count to ten when you are angry about something written to you. Then count to ten again before you begin a reply.
• Never send a reply to someone until you have read it carefully and considered the impact on your audience.
• If another person flames you, don't fire back with more invective unless you are ready for a war of escalation. Like bullies, flamers tend to go away if ignored.
• If friends write something offensive and send it to you, ask them why. The tone of the message in e-mail can get distorted. What sounds fine in speech, such as "I need some help with this!" can sound abrupt, even rude, in a mail message.

E-mail Netiquette--Avoiding "Spam"

• Junk e-mail sent to many lists is called "spam." Broadly speaking, overly long messages, and those sent to people who really don't need to read them, are known as spam.
• Do not overuse the "priority" and "high priority" tags permitted by some e-mail software. Remember the story of the boy who cried wolf? If every message you send is marked "priority," pretty soon all of your messages will be ignored.
• Most regular users of e-mail get dozens of messages each day. Some get hundreds. Keep your messages short and to-the-point unless a long message is appropriate.
• Long e-mail messages are acceptable when sent to an individual you know well. On the other hand, long messages may be ignored when you send them to multiple recipients, or to a mailing list.
• Try to limit your messages to one topic. Asking about many things in the same message annoys most veteran e-mailers.

Citing E-mail and Other Electronic Sources

• My favorite source remains Janice Walker's and Todd Taylor's Web page. Walker, a professor at the University of South Florida, has provided this service for years. The page gives citations for sources in line with the style endorsed by the Modern Language Association.

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